脂肪粒怎么去除？

#护肤大道理# 脸上的“脂肪粒”怎样去除？
    对于皮肤科医生来说，老百姓俗称的“脂肪粒”至少包含不下六种常见的小型皮肤增生物。通常会根据增生细胞的深度和大小选择相应的去除方式。
1. 最典型和常见的白色“脂肪粒”多为粟丘疹，是一种小的表皮样囊肿，可以通过针清、挤出、刮除、液氮冷冻、电灼等方式去除。
2. 之前提到的半透明的“水瘊子”（传染性软疣）也有可能被人误认为是“脂肪粒”，属于一种病毒感染性皮疹，首选刮除、挤出、液氮冷冻去除或涂抹咪喹莫特等抗病毒药物使之脱落。
3. 纯肉色或颜色稍浅一些的“脂肪粒”可能是汗管瘤、毛发上皮瘤、小汗腺汗囊瘤等来源于皮肤附属器的小型赘生物，多需通过二氧化碳激光灼烧或电灼的方式进行逐一去除；面积较大的也可通过剥脱性点阵激光的方式去除。
4. 纯黄色的“脂肪粒”有可能是黄色瘤或皮脂腺增生，前者可能与高脂血症有关，后者则可能与油性皮肤及皮肤局部慢性刺激等原因有一定关系。这类皮损可以通过二氧化碳激光、电灼，或多次重复液氮冷冻治疗的方式改善。
5. 还有一些存在时间比较短暂的“脂肪粒”，其实本身就是一些闭合性粉刺，也就是早期的痘痘，或者面部毛周角化症的表现。可以通过果酸剥脱、外用水杨酸制剂、外用或口服维A酸类药物使之清除。
6. 靠近鼻子特别密密麻麻而小的“脂肪粒”有时并不是一种异常，而是凸出于皮肤的毛囊皮脂腺单位。这种情况不需要任何治疗，如果觉得不好看，做一些化妆修饰即可。
    大体看来，对于真正持久的“脂肪粒”，液氮冷冻的适应症最广，而且遗留瘢痕的风险较低，痛苦也最小；但对于某些较为深在的“脂肪粒”，可能无法起到有效的作用，并且对部分敏感或色素性皮肤的人群尚有遗留局部色素沉着等色素改变的风险。因此，在每个人看来简简单单的脂肪粒，对于皮肤科医师来说，还是需要望闻问切🤣四诊合参，甚至需要进行一个无创的皮肤镜检查来帮助区别，从而替你选择一个最安全而有效的去除方式。

希克苏鲁伯陨石坑

K-T 界線（K-T boundary）
大約在6600萬年前，一顆小行星撞擊在現今的墨西哥尤加敦半島，撞出了直徑180公里，地球最大隕石坑，稱為希克蘇魯伯隕石坑。
劇烈的撞擊引起火山運動，地震，海嘯，隕石撞擊的揚塵瞬間包覆整個地球，暗無天日引起氣候的變化，一連串的連鎖反應，導致地球史上的「第五次大滅絕」事件，非鳥恐龍等生物滅絕，白堊紀宣告結束，新生代古近紀開始，哺乳動物沒了天敵，形成現在的生物多樣性。
當時小行星撞地球，劇烈撞擊氣化後的揚塵中含有大量來自外太空才有的銥金屬，逐漸沉積在地表，這些銥金屬就被發現在K-T 界線的黏土層裏。
我身旁這一整條黑色的帶狀沈積，就是K-T 界線（K-T boundary），在K-T下面的岩層會發現白堊紀晚期的暴龍，三角龍，鴨嘴龍等，在K-T上層找到的多是新生代的哺乳動物和未滅絕的鱷魚或鳥類等。

Difference between parents China parents and the United States parents difference

Americans do not raise children for age protection. Children are self-reliant at the age of 18. Legally, parents do not continue to support the responsibility of children over the age of 18. Children go to college after graduating from high school. Most college students work for themselves or borrow money to go to college. . American parents do not expect children to invite them to live together and take care of them when they are old; instead, they think that independence, taking care of themselves, not bringing trouble to children, and stressing children is the most dignity.

How much power does the United States have for internal disturbances?

James Komi, the former head of the FBI, has violently criticized President Trump in his new book. He also accused Trump of "treating women as if they were treating a piece of meat." He continued to cast various lies and tried to convince Americans, and then came to the conclusion that "Trump is not morally suitable to serve as president of the United States." Trump was constantly attacked by his personal conduct. The number of such attacks and their scale are unprecedented among all the presidents of the United States. Many people believe that this has caused trouble for Trump to perform his duties. The United States’ federal administration system is still able to “normally operate”. This should be considered a unique scene in the United States. At this time, it should not be the period of expansion of the foreign strategy of the United States as a whole, but rather it should be its "seeking period for stability". The Trump administration has always been aggressive, but it is likely that it does not really intend to carry out a sharp collision with external forces that will burden the United States with pain because it lacks domestic unity to do so. It is probably more willing to make relatively easy victories and try to win in all directions without fighting or fighting.

Ischemic heart disease, or coronary artery disease

When people think of the deadliest diseases in the world, their minds may jump to those fast-moving, incurable diseases that sometimes encounter headlines. In reality, many of these diseases are not among the top 10 causes of death worldwide. In 2015, an estimated 56.4 million people died worldwide, of which 68% was due to slow progress.

What is even more surprising is that several diseases are completely preventable. Unpreventable factors include a person's place of life, access to preventive care and quality of care. These are all risk factors. But everyone can take steps to reduce the risk.

Although it is still the main cause of death, mortality has declined in many European countries and the United States. This may be due to better public health education, access to health care and forms of prevention. However, in many developing countries, the death toll in Canada is rising. Life expectancy, socio-economic changes and lifestyle risk factors play a role in this increase.

Risk factors and prevention
CAD risk factors include:

hypertension
High cholesterol
smokes
Family history of CAD
diabetes
overweight

Talk to your doctor if you have one or more of these risk factors.
You can prevent CAD with medications and by maintaining good heart health. 

Some steps you can take to decrease your risk include:
exercising 
regularly
maintaining a healthy weight

eating a balanced diet that’s low in sodium and high in fruits and vegetables
avoiding smoking
drinking only in moderation

The relationship between oral cancer and HPV virus:What should we do? What should we know?

When you hear about the increasing incidence of HPV, you might think of cervical cancer. So you might be surprised to find that this sexually transmitted virus is also the main cause of pharyngeal cancer (oropharyngeal cancer), and is transmitted between people through oral sex.

Although oral cancer has always been associated with smoking, head and neck surgeon Brandon Prendes says current research shows that HPV is directly related to certain laryngeal cancers. In fact, these cancers are on the rise and will soon overtake new cases of cervical cancer, he said.

According to the centers for disease control and prevention, new cases of laryngeal cancer diagnosed annually may be related to HPV. About 7% of adults have oral HPV, but only about 1% have specific types associated with throat cancer: HPV16.

What are the risks?

The number one risk for oral HPV infection and developing HPV associated pharyngeal cancer is multiple oral sex partners, says Dr Prendes. Having more partners increases the risk for both men and women.

The researchers say women have fewer throat cancers associated with HPV because they may have developed an immune response against cervical cancer. Men don't have the same immunity.

Smoking also increases risk, Dr. Prendes said. If you smoke at least a pack a day for 10 years, you are at your greatest risk.

How do you limit your risks?

Here are five ways to help you limit your risk of HPV-related throat cancer, according to Dr. Prendes.

Limit number of lifetime sexual partners. The increase in risk involved with greater numbers of sexual partners is even greater for oral sexual partners. Also, use condoms or dental dams consistently for some protection.Get children and young adults vaccinated. For males and females between ages 9 and 26, a three-round HPV vaccine can ward off HPV infection.Get screened. Regular screening increases the chances you’ll catch a tumor early. Your doctor will feel your neck, examine your throat and inspect your mouth.Visit your dentist. Get regular dental checkups because dentists are often the first practitioners to notice abnormalities with the tongue and tonsils.Limit smoking and alcohol. Quit smoking and reduce alcohol consumption to cut your risk.

What symptoms should you watch for?

The symptoms of HPV-related throat cancer symptoms can often go largely, Dr. Prendes says, because they're difficult to recognize and categorize. If any of the symptoms lasts beyond two weeks, see your doctor or an ear, nose and throat specialist.

Neck mass or swellingEar pain (like something is stuck in the back of your throat)Snoring (as a new issue, without sudden weight gain)

HPV oral is slow to develop, but quick to spread.

HPV - related working spread quickly to the lymph nodes. It 's not that the tumors spread quickly due to issues with the immune system - they spread quickly for unknown. Having clear that they show up first as large swollen lymph nodes because the body has an immune response at the site of the lymph nodes once tumor reaches this area, causing swelling and a noticeable neck mass, Dr. Prendes says. So, these working are, diagnosed in advanced stages.

It can take up to 30 years for HPV-related throat cancer to appear, making It most common in adults between the ages of 40 and 60. The Oral cancer Foundation reports It's growing fastest among men, ages 25 to 55.

Dr. Prendes says researchers have developed a clinical test that searches for the P16 molecular marker in biopsy samples, a marker that indicates HPV-related cancer. Successful treatment and cure rates are high if you know what to look for and know your risk, he says.

Overall, HPV-related injuries are well to surgery and radiation. Between 90 and 95 percent of cases have five-year, disease-free survivorship rates, he says.

Although researchers are still learning more about HPV-related throat cancer, the verdict about whether HPV is truly to blame is in, Dr. Prendes says.

"I don't think anyone in our field or any epidemiologist would argue the link between HPV and throat cancer at this point," he says.